Carbon Capture

While engineered direct air capture systems face high energy penalties and steep capital costs, marine-based carbon dioxide removal is emerging as a highly scalable alternative. This analytical review evaluates the levelized costs, underlying chemistry, and ecological impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement.

Direct Air Capture remains one of the most expensive carbon removal pathways on Earth, but scaling commercial facilities are finally putting cost-reduction models to the test. This analytical review breaks down current costs per ton, chemical engineering bottlenecks, and market timelines.